The Washington Post lays them out…..
Each week the House is in session, the chairs of the five caucuses meet in the speaker’s office to discuss how lawmakers in their individual factions feel about bills that are set to be voted on in the near term and strategize on how to reach common ground on more consequential items that must be addressed in the not-so-distant future.
The “five families” represent a range of views, from the most moderate who are willing to work with Democrats to the ultraconservative who often push leadership to accept their demands in return for their votes.
Most Republicans belong to at least one group, but many claim membership in more than one due to personal interests and political leanings….
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The House Freedom Caucus is probably the most well-known ideological faction since its members are outspoken in their hard-line demands of leadership, notably holding up the eventual election of McCarthy as speaker. While the Trump-aligned group frequently makes headlines, with members such as Reps. Marjorie Taylor Greene (R-Ga.) and Chip Roy (R-Tex.) in the ranks, it is one of the smallest factions with almost 35 members….
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The Republican Study Committee has historically been the largest ideological bloc of the conference, with current membership including nearly 80 percent of all Republicans. Given its size, its membership crosses over with many other groups in the more moderate and ultraconservative factions…
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On the opposite end of the spectrum from the House Freedom Caucus are three groups of more pragmatic and governance-minded Republicans who are learning to flex their muscles in a majority where every vote counts. The Problem Solvers Caucus is the only one that has both Republican and Democratic members as they strive to propose policies that have bipartisan support….
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The Republican Governance Group is home to 42 Republicans, a majority of whom are moderates who value governing and the House as an institution. Most are fiscally conservative and socially moderate, and they prioritize defending the interests of their colleagues facing the toughest reelection prospects in policy negotiations…
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The Main Street Caucus has a lot of crossover with members of the Republican Governance Group, but don’t call them moderates. This group of 67 conservatives is keenly interested in governing and producing legislation focused largely on the economy and national security….
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Fourteen Republicans choose not to be a part of any of the five families. Rep. Matt Gaetz (R-Fla.) has notoriously become an independent voice within the conference, a badge he wears proudly by not belonging to any group. Others would rather focus on their district or belong to an issues-based caucus, like the longest-serving Republican in the House, Rep. Harold Rogers (Ky.), who founded the Prescription Drug Abuse Caucus.
As the top Republicans overseeing a four-vote majority, McCarthy and his leadership team have an incentive to ensure that all factions feel included as they face the daunting tasks of raising the debt ceiling and keeping the government funded this year, among other must-pass items. McCarthy’s chances of keeping the speakership largely hinge on how he navigates the demands within his conference, especially after several far-right members, mostly from the Freedom Caucus, almost prevented him from taking the speaker’s gavel. He succeeded after he relented to their specific demand to change a rule that would allow him to be ousted from his position in a recall vote that could be demanded by a single lawmaker….